Acetate could directly activate the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in mouse IECs, leading to the release of IL-18, and then promote the integrity of the intestinal barrier by activating the IL-18 receptor on mouse epithelial cells [141]
Cutaneous sarcoidosis in a patient with ulcerative colitis on infliximab
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The reason turned out to be metabolic: Akkermansia produces nicotinamide (vitamin B3) as a metabolite, and nicotinamide levels were low in the ALS mice (and in ALS patients) [215]
These could include improved bone density, increased energy levels, and improved sleep quality
Int J Mol Sci 25(17):9404 Liu L, Xuan L, Jiang Y, Yu H (2021) Regulation by FLOWERING LOCUS T and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 in flowering time and plant architecture