High-Stakes Testing in Education Sari L. Reisner Think of this as your

Think of this as your personal investment toolkit-packed with step-by-step instructions

Plural expressions found in natural languages allow us to talk about many objects simultaneously

and outlining when and where they were used

to examine conflict

Many countries now allow foreign investment in newly privatized and competitive markets for key infrastructure services

High-Stakes Testing in Education Sari L. Reisner Think of this as yourHigh stakes educational testing is a global phenomenon which is increasing in both scale and importance. Assessments are high stakes when there are serious consequences for one or more stakeholders. Historically, tests have largely been used for selection or for providing a licence to practise, making them high stakes for the test takers. Testing is now also used for the purposes of improving standards of teaching and learning and of holding schools