In addition to the conditions mentioned above, several risk factors increase the likelihood of B12 deficiency: Smoking Alcohol abuse Endocrine-related autoimmune disorders (such as diabetes or thyroid disorders) Gastrointestinal disorders like Crohns disease History of gastric bypass surgery or other stomach-altering surgeries Optimize Your Health
However, their absorption rate is significantly lower as they have undergone digestive processes
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Molecular Metabolism, 46 , Article 101090
Evening Skin Tone: Reducing the mottled look caused by sun damage